In the current economic climate in Britain, the risks of starting up a Essay

In the current economic climate in Britain, the risks of starting up a new business outweigh the benefits, Discuss - Essay Example Admittedly, some very recent reports of Britain's Office for National Statistics indicate a hopeful improvement in the economic performance of the nation with regard to its GDP that showed ‘over 3 percent annual growth rate’ unlike other world economies (Schomber and Milliken). Although the 0.8 percent growth it showed between July and September ranks its fastest pace in more than three years, the employment growth has not yet showed significant improvement; and this makes the sustainability of the economic recovery uncertain. Hence, from an entrepreneur’s point of view, the risks of starting up a new business in UK in the current economic climate outweigh the benefits. Some experts believe that Britain’s economy is built on shaky foundations. To illustrate, as Elliot, the Guardian reporter points out, the economy is exceedingly depending on private, ‘and to a lesser extent to public borrowing’. He also says that the so called economic recovery is concentrated only in certain sectors and as a result, ‘manufacturing base is shrinking’ and the trade deficit is mounting. Obviously, all these reports reveal that UK economy currently is relying on a debt based recovery which will raise long term financial stability concerns. The growing rate of consumer borrowing is one of the symptoms of this economic crisis. Another point to mention here is that the highlighted GDP growth in fact does not add up for the country’s working class. For instance, over the past 12 months, the use of food banks has gone up by 170% in the nation, and still five million people in the UK are currently living in fuel poverty (Cresswell). The financial position of an economy can influence a company’s stability and sustainability. New businesses are highly vulnerable to risks related to the economic stability of the country in which it operates. New entrepreneurs often fail to plan financial projections or create good working e nvironment. It is necessary for new businesses to determine if their product or service is strong enough to sustain the market completion and other challenges. Business owners with little knowledge in current trends and socio economic changes tend to fail in their venture. In other words, it is important to study the socio economic and political conditions of the business destination before commencing operation. Finding a new appropriate business is also a challenge in the new environment. It requires extensive research to determine the most relevant product and business concept in a competitive environment. One recent survey report reveals that 31% of the participants opined that finding a new business would be the major challenge for their organisations in 2013 ‘followed by rising costs (14%) and holding onto customers (13%)’ (MT Management). At this juncture, new entrepreneurs must be cautious about the current economic climate in the UK regardless of the recent impr ovements. This is because even Britain's big businesses have just started spending their cash piles after the recession. Although expansion is their higher priority, for the time being, their decisions seem to be an experiment. When it comes to new businesses, they usually confront insufficient cash flow, lack of expertise, and knowledge. Although new businesses fail due to a multitude of reasons, there are

Re-organization and Layoff Team Discussion & Summary Essay Example for Free

Re-organization and Layoff Team Discussion Summary Essay Mismanaged layoffs can go horribly wrong. The effect of mismanaged LAYOFFs on the remaining workforce and the effects, lack of management preparation, the human condition, and lack of mitigation strategies. We think that the problem with this article is that not enough managers or HR personal, know how to let a person go from their employment effectively. They sometimes dont realize the impact that it has on the other employees morals. Also, that sometimes companies dont take a closer look to make sure downsizing will be the answer to cutting costs like they think that it will. Every HR or manager should be let go in their lifetime so that they know what it feels like. I believe that this statement holds tremendous merit because the best lessons in life are learned through personal experience. In order to adequately communicate life changing messages of sorts, it should be done by a seasoned manager. I will be very surprised if any company has a potential layoff learning path that will coach and train the management staff for these kinds of things. It is imperative to be sensitive to the individual being laid off as this will impact their livelihood significantly. I do agree that other options much is explored such as relocating or wage cuts before making the decision to lay off people. The Problem Layoffs create uncertainty in the workforce causing loss of productivity in remaining the remaining workforce. The article addresses that a managers approach is paramount; we dont disagree with this sentiment, but I dont see it as a large of an issue as the author of the article. If a company is at a point where they are laying off employees, all other options should have been exhausted. The author writes the article from the position that managers dont know how manage and that layoff are ineffective. I agree layoffs are not useful, but an amount of respect or approach refinement is  going to make the loss of income any easier; I compare that to putting lipstick on a pig. Trying to make a bad situation easier is often more disrespectful than being direct. Firing is something that is done privately and should be kept confident between the manager and the employee being let go. If a manager is letting, someone go for the right reasons the example should be evident to the employees as cause and effect; being held accountable for their actions. If the Manager is abusing their hiring/firing authority that would affect employee morale; forced silence, uncertainty, etc. Problem Solutions The options that were covered in the group discussion I feel very informative. When it comes to releasing someone, whether it is a termination or a layoff, it was discussed if training for those types of situations would be suitable, or if one could even prepare to carry out something of that delicate nature. You can train someone how to do anything, but that does not necessarily mean it will be conducted in the manner it was taught. I think it all highly depends on the situation and the individual who is delivering the news to the employee. The authors best point is one of the best solutions; transparency. Managers should allow people the autonomy of reacting, working through, and coping with a layoff in their own way. Transparency is the most respectful approach that management can take as it shows them the truth of the situation and explains the steps being taken and why. I would add rather than trying to find another position within the company as suggested (the company is already struggling!?) they could offer employment assistance to other enterprises; communicate with other organizations in the same industry to identify openings that people would fit into well. They could put together a communications package that shows them what benefits are available, assistance programs, etc.

Og Mandino (For the Rest of My Life) :: essays research papers

For the Rest of My Life . . .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the rest of my life there are two days that will never again trouble me. The first day is yesterday with all its blunders and tears, its follies and defeats. Yesterday has passed forever bye my control. The other day is tomorrow with its pitfalls and threats, its dangers and mystery. Until the sun rises again, I have no stake in tomorrow, for it is still unborn. With God’s help and only one day to concentrate all my effort and energy on, this day, I can win! Only when I add the burden of those two frightening eternities, yesterday and tomorrow, am I in danger of faltering under the load. Never again! This is my day! This is my only day! Today is all there is! Today is the rest of my life and I resolve to conduct myself through every waking hour in the following manner. . . . For the rest of my life, this very special day, God help me . . . to heed the wise advice of Jesus and Confucius and Zoroaster and treat me. To maintain a rein on my tongue and my t emper, guarding against foolish moments of faultfinding and insults. To greet all those I encounter with a smile instead of a frown, and a soft word of encouragement instead of disdain or even worse, silence. To be sympathetic and attentive to the sorrows and struggles of others, realizing that there are hidden woes in every life no matter how exalted or lowly. To make haste to be kind to all others, understanding that life is too short to be vengeful or malicious, too soon ended to be petty or unkind. For the rest of my life, this very special day, God help me. To keep reminding myself that in order to harvest more ears of corn in the fall, I must plant more kernels in the spring. To understand that life always rewards me on the terms that I establish, and if I never perform or deliver more than that for which I am paid, never will I have reason to demand or expect and additional gold. To always deliver more than is expected of me, whether at work, at play, or at home. To labor wit h enthusiasm and l9ove, no matter what the task at hand may be, realizing that if I cannot secure happiness out of my work I will never know what real happiness is. Og Mandino (For the Rest of My Life) :: essays research papers For the Rest of My Life . . .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the rest of my life there are two days that will never again trouble me. The first day is yesterday with all its blunders and tears, its follies and defeats. Yesterday has passed forever bye my control. The other day is tomorrow with its pitfalls and threats, its dangers and mystery. Until the sun rises again, I have no stake in tomorrow, for it is still unborn. With God’s help and only one day to concentrate all my effort and energy on, this day, I can win! Only when I add the burden of those two frightening eternities, yesterday and tomorrow, am I in danger of faltering under the load. Never again! This is my day! This is my only day! Today is all there is! Today is the rest of my life and I resolve to conduct myself through every waking hour in the following manner. . . . For the rest of my life, this very special day, God help me . . . to heed the wise advice of Jesus and Confucius and Zoroaster and treat me. To maintain a rein on my tongue and my t emper, guarding against foolish moments of faultfinding and insults. To greet all those I encounter with a smile instead of a frown, and a soft word of encouragement instead of disdain or even worse, silence. To be sympathetic and attentive to the sorrows and struggles of others, realizing that there are hidden woes in every life no matter how exalted or lowly. To make haste to be kind to all others, understanding that life is too short to be vengeful or malicious, too soon ended to be petty or unkind. For the rest of my life, this very special day, God help me. To keep reminding myself that in order to harvest more ears of corn in the fall, I must plant more kernels in the spring. To understand that life always rewards me on the terms that I establish, and if I never perform or deliver more than that for which I am paid, never will I have reason to demand or expect and additional gold. To always deliver more than is expected of me, whether at work, at play, or at home. To labor wit h enthusiasm and l9ove, no matter what the task at hand may be, realizing that if I cannot secure happiness out of my work I will never know what real happiness is.

Just How Bad Can Living Under a Totalitarian Government Be Essay

Does the government control everything? Maybe not as much in Canada, however in other societies like Nazi Germany and even in Panem from the book â€Å"The Hunger Games† written by â€Å"Suzanne Collins†, they definitely do. This could also be known as a totalitarian government. These places take to extreme the punishment, violence and unfairness. Although, the government in the Hunger Games is set in a futuristic theme it is still alike to that of Nazi Germany. However, no one has any power to vote in a totalitarian government and they have to obey cretin guidelines and rules such as behaviors, restrictions, education, and lifestyles. If even one of these guidelines were broken you would face severe discipline. â€Å"When I was younger, I scared my mother to death, the things I would blurt out about District 12, about the people who rule our country, Panem, from the far-off city called the Capitol. Eventually I understood this would only lead us to more trouble. So I learned to hold my tongue and to turn my features into an indifferent mask so that no one could ever read my thoughts. † Free speech, we learn, is not a given in Panem. Katniss censors herself because of the fear her mother has of the government. Notice how she has to hide her thoughts and her emotions in District 12 to avoid being a problem to the Capitol. This is very close to the people that lived in Nazi Germany at the time. I’m sure that both Panem’s and Nazi Germany’s people would have to endure life threaten consequences if there government heard of any faulty accusations about them. The Hunger Games is a gladiator type sport, which is punishment for the uprising against the Capitol that happened long ago in the novel â€Å"The Hunger Games†. Why are the Hunger Games so effective, do you think, this is to keep the districts from rebelling again, because just like Nazi Germany, Hitler made sure that no one would stand up against him? He would either through them in jail, put them in a concentration camp, or even kill them on the spot. A great example from this time is when, â€Å"Hitler made all students attend the â€Å"Hitler Youth† Organization until 6:00 pm. Any parents that tried to prevent their kids from attending would no doubt be thrown in jail,† said a grade 10 student living in Germany at the time. â€Å"All I can think is how unjust the whole thing is, the Hunger Games. Why am I hopping around like some trained dog trying to please people I hate? The longer the interview goes on, the more my fury seems to rise to the surface, until I’m literally spitting out answers at him. † As we can see here Katniss (The main character) is being asked questions that she has to lie about to keep herself and her family alive. So Katniss has to hide what she knows: that the Hunger Games are unjust and terrible. Just like many of Germany’s people they could not speak against Hitler or the Nazis in the fear of being hurt or killed, everyone had to keep these dark times to themselves. No doubt this meant that the German Newspaper did not write any opinions against the government. Even on the radios all the advertisements were focused on supporting Hitler and his regime. What’s an Avox? † I ask stupidly. â€Å"Someone who committed a crime. They cut her tongue so she can’t speak,† says Haymitch. She’s probably a traitor of some sort. Not likely you’d know her. † As we see again people that would have rebelled or spoken against their government would face consequences. Hitler moreover would do the same to a traitor or throw them in jail. Surely when Nazis controlled Germany, anyone if not everyone wanted to die as themselves not a product of Hitler. Another excellent quote from Peeta that supports this point, just before Katniss and Peeta enter The Hunger Games, â€Å"I don’t know how to say it exactly. Only†¦I want to die as myself. Does that make any sense? † he asks. I shake my head. How could he die as anyone but himself? â€Å"I don’t want them to change me in there. Turn me into some kind of monster that I’m not. † Just like Nazi Germany no one wanted to change to fit Hitler’s label, what the people wanted to do was try to live a normal life. However in The Hunger Games the people had to kill each other to survive, which brings out another useful quote from â€Å"The Hunger Games†, â€Å"No, when the time comes, I’m sure I’ll kill just like everybody else. I can’t go down without a fight. Only I keep wishing I could think of a way to†¦to show the Capitol they don’t own me. That I’m more than just a piece in their Games,† says Peeta. Like Peeta, the people in Nazi Germany wanted to make a stand against Hitler and the Nazi army but most could not due to the intimidating threats of the Nazi army. Not to forget how did Germany’s people that were not in war have to do instead of serving full time in the military service? They had to build weapons, tanks, guns, planes, and even create deathly rockets; even kids had to help out. Just like Panem and other districts, they had to gather resources from their area to give to the Capitol, this to affected the learning of Panem. Furthermore the kids in Germany not only helped with resources and build weapons; they also trained in what would be there future, warfare. Certainly this made Hitler look outstandingly powerful. We can find out that in The Hunger Games that the Capitol has enough power to make kids do what they want them to do, another example from the novel, â€Å"Taking the kids from our districts, forcing them to kill one another while we watch – this is the Capitol’s way of reminding us how totally we are at their mercy. How little chance we would stand of surviving another rebellion. Whatever words they use, the real message is clear. â€Å"Look how we take your children and sacrifice them and there’s nothing you can do. If you lift a finger, we will destroy every last one of you. Just as we did in District Thirteen. † Katniss is talking about the punishment of the rebellion it was The Hunger Games and the destruction of district 13. To Hitler, succeeding in the role of leading the people in a totalitarian government he suspects absolutely no failures. Threatens to family, life, and friends would require the person to put out there best work efforts to not fail their leader. Yet again we can see another quote from â€Å"The Hunger Games†, â€Å"We both know they have to have a victor. Yes, they have to have a victor. Without a victor, the whole thing would blow up in the Gamemakers’ faces. They’d have failed the Capitol. Might possibly even be executed, slowly and painfully while the cameras broadcast it to every screen in the country. If Peeta and I were both to die, or they thought we were†¦ My fingers fumble with the pouch on my belt, freeing it. Peeta sees it and his hand clamps on my wrist. â€Å"No, I won’t let you. † â€Å"Trust me,† I whisper.  He holds my gaze for a long moment then lets me go. † The Gamemakers are supposed to have at least winner to survive. Katniss figures out how finally to defeat the Gamemakers. To put the blame on the Gamemakers both Katniss and Peeta decide to commit suicide – or at least act like they are committing suicide. At these actions the Gamemakers were forced to declare both of them the winners. The made a fool of the Gamakers because it really showed that they did not have complete control over them. The Capitol is very disappointed in seeing this happen as it also makes them look weak. Furthermore Hitler was not the only person that took the power of leadership, there were many others. People who even date back to the late 1700’s controlled their own government without any say from the people. Leaders like Simon Bolivar in Spain during 1783 – 1830, Joseph Stalin with Stalinism, Corneliu Codreanu a Romania leader which helped Hitler’s government take place, Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini the leader of Italy who took sides with Hitler in World War II, Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera leader of the â€Å"Spanish Phalanx† just before the time of World War II, and the list can go on and on, because this world is not perfect. In conclusion, we can see that any government like that of Hitler’s or Stalinism are cruel. These types governments are supposed to help out there people but, in the end it causes pain to the people, their families, friends, and even their country and community. People do not get what they deserve in these places such as freedom of speech, religion, and so much more. In the end we are very fortunate to live in a democratic society.

Askari Bank Report

Company Profile |Products |Sell Offers |Buy Offers |Contact Details | |Askari Bank, one of the leading banks of Pakistan. The bank was founded in 1992, and in the 18 years since, our growth and success patterns have far outgrown industry standards. Askari Bank has expanded into a nationwide presence of 150 branches, and an offshore banking Unit in Bahrain. A shared network of over 1,100 online ATMs covering all major cities in Pakistan supports the delivery channels for customer service. As on December 31, 2007, the bank had equity of PKR 12. 27 billion and total assets of PKR 182. 17 billion, with over 800,000 banking customers, serviced by 6,808 employees. We have reinforced our products with new deposit schemes bearing competitive rates of return and packed with excellent service of first choice. Our modern electronic banking services have been developed with hard work, feedback from stakeholders and research providing better banking solutions. Askaribank continuous growth over the years is based on service to communities and customers by friendly, professional and experienced bankers trained to deliver exceptional banking services. [pic] Corporate Information Askari Bank was incorporated in Pakistan on October 9, 1991, as a public limited company. It commenced operation on April 1, 1992, and is principally engaged in the business of banking, as defined in the Banking Companies Ordinance, 1962. The Bank is listed on Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad Stock Exchanges. Since inception, the bank has concentrated on growth through improving service quality, investment in technology and people, utilizing its extensive branch network which includes Islamic and Agricultural banking. Corporate Social Responsibility is an integral part of the way we do business. In order to fulfill our CSR objectives, we attempt to promote public interest by encouraging community growth and development through sponsoring social service events, supporting education, sports, and environment and also contribute in socio-cultural activities. Awards and Achievements    |   | | » |â€Å"Best Retail Bank in Pakistan† by The Asian Banker. | |   |   | | » |†1st Consumer Choice Award† by the Consumer Association of Pakistan. 2004 | |   |   | | » |†Corporate Excellence Award† by the Management Association of Pakistan (MAP). 002, 2003 & 2004. | |   |   | | » |â€Å"The Best Bank in Pakistan† by Global Finance magazine. 2 001 and 2002. | |   |   | | » |â€Å"Best Consumer Internet Bank† Global Finance magazine. 2002 and 2003. | |   |   | | » |†Euromoney and Asiamoney Awards† 1994, 1996 and 1997. | |   |   | | » |â€Å"Best Presented Annual Accounts† by (ICAP) and (ICAMP). 000, 2001and 2002. | |   |   | | » |â€Å"The Best Presented Annual Accounts† by South Asian Federation of Accountants (SAFA), in the SAARC region. | |   |   | | » |â€Å"The Best Consumer Banking Award 2006† by the Consumer Association of Pakistan. 007 | |   |   | | » |â€Å"The Best Retail Banking Award 2008† by Pakistan Guarantee Export Corporation Ltd. 2008 | |   |   | | » |†Best Corporate Report Award for the year 2008†³ by ICAP & ICMAP. 008 | |   |   | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  [p|Branch network | |ic]| | |   | | [pic] | | | | » | |All Branches: | |202 | | | |[pic] | | | | » | |North Region: | |68 | | | |[p ic] | | | | » | Center Region: | |66 | | | |[pic] | | | | » | |South Region: | |68 | | | |[pic] | | | [pic][pic][pic][pic] Top of Form [pic][pic] Bottom of Form †¢ Home †¢ Reports o Accounting o Management o Marketing †¢ Articles †¢ Internship †¢ Presentations Askari Bank Internship Report Posted by reports On September – 22 – 2010 Comments Off EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The Department of Administrative Sciences offers Masters degree in Business Administration. They are giving the best education and are offering for specialization, financial management, marketing management, human resource management and computer application to business. An important program is six to eight weeks internship with any recognized institution. I decided to take up Askari Bank Limited for my internship because it is a competing Bank nowadays and gives a good training to the internees. So in order to learn more this was my choice. This report is about my internship that I have undergone at Askari Bank Limited Multan Branch from 2nd June 2008 to 18th July 08. During my internship I am able to learn practical aspect of business, and get good working experience. On the very first day of my internship I reported to Operation Manager Mr. Noor ul Islam. He gave me small introduction of the Bank and introduced me to the staff of the Bank. Every internee is rotated among the Bank’s departments and so was I. This rotation is done in order to have general concept regarding Bank’s functions, operations and policies. In this rotation the stay in department is usually a week. I have learned more about the Basic Banking, Credits and Foreign Trade department and have given below the caption of activities I was involved in during the period of six weeks. During my internship I found that Askari Bank is a best Bank in Multan because most of the Exports and Imports in Multan are done through this Bank. Multan is one of the cotton growing cities of Pakistan. Most of the businesses in Multan are directly or indirectly linked to cotton that is also the case with Askari Bank’s clients. Because Multan is an Agricultural City, and its major export is Cotton and Mango. So its export is done on seasonal basis. In the season of cotton and Mango export Askari Bank get its target easily but difficult for it to get its target in the off season. Low profit rates used to be one of the major reasons for not meeting the deposit targets. The profit rates on Askari deposit schemes were quite low when compared with other Banks especially with the National Saving Centers, but now Askari Bank is giving a comparatively high profit rates to its customers. In today’s every customer is a rational customer, he knows the value of money and wants a best return on his money. INTRODUCTION TO BANK: Askari Bank Limited (AKBL) works as a Unit of Army Welfare Trust was established for the Welfare of Army Officials. The office of Army Welfare Trust is situated at AWT Plaza, Rawalpindi. AWT offers the â€Å"AWT Saving Scheme† to the army officials only. AWT has its units as under: †¢ Askari Associates. †¢ Askari Leasing. †¢ Askari General. †¢ Private Business. †¢ Textile Mills. †¢ Cement Industry. †¢ Askari Commercial Bank. Askari Bank Limited was incorporated on October 9, 1991, as a Public Limited Company, and is listed on Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad Stock Exchanges. The Bank obtained business commencement certificate on February 26, 1992 and started operations form April 1, 1992. Askari Bank is scheduled Commercial Bank and is principally engaged in the business of Banking as defined in the Banking Companies Ordinance 1962. Askari Bank Limited continues to scale new heights in all areas of its operations. The safety and security of depositor’s funds, high productivity and optimum use of technology are the hallmarks of its corporate strength. In 1994, AKBL earned international recognition as Asia Money Award and the title of â€Å"Best Commercial Bank of Pakistan† for the year 1994, while Euro money declared the Bank as best domestic Bank of Pakistan for the year 1995. ASKARI BANK LIMITED MULTAN Askari Bank Limited Multan was inaugurated on December 28,1994. It is located on Abdali Road Opposite to PIA Office. The location is connected to all the main trade centers in Multan. It is a prosperous branch streaming towards great achievements. At the time of its establishment the factored who were considered are as follows †¢ Multan is zone covering a large population. †¢ Multan City is linked to many big cities. Agro based area constituting growers and gainers †¢ Army Offices & Fort Colony †¢ Educational Institution DEPARTMENTS: The bank has following department: †¢ Account Opening department †¢ ATM Department †¢ Credit Card Department †¢ Account Department †¢ Credit Department †¢ Remittance Department †¢ Foreign Trade Department †¢ Cash Department ACCOUNT OPENING DEPARTME NT Borrowing funds from different sources has become an essential feature of today’s business enterprises. But in the case of a bank borrowing funds from outside parties is al l the more vital because the entire banking system is based on it. The borrowed capital of a bank is much greater their own capital. Banks borrowing is mostly in the form of deposits. These deposits are lent out to different parties. Such deposit creation is done through opening an account in the Bank. In AKBL Multan Mr. Sheeraz Hassan is operating the account opening department along with performing some auxiliary functions of Check Book Issuing TYPES OF ACCOUNTS In AKBL, there are the following types of accounts: †¢ Current account. †¢ Saving Account. †¢ Askari Special Deposit Account. (ASDA) †¢ Basic Banking account †¢ Term Deposit. CURRENT ACCOUNT In current account there is no interest on it. It is for only transaction purposes. They are paid on demand. When a banker accepts a demand deposit, he incurs the obligation of the paying all cheques drawn against him to the extended of the balance in the account. As there is no profit paid on this account it is also called chequing account because cheques can be drawn on it. Current account is mostly opened for business. SAVING ACCOUNT The purpose of this account is to induce the habit of saving individuals in the neighborhood. The minimum deposit for opening the account is Rs. 1050/- (as obvious in the Annexure). Though individuals open such accounts for saving purpose, persons belonging to Armed forces and different military institutions are free to use this account on current basis. ASKARI SPECIAL DEPOSIT ACCOUNTANT ASDA account is an interest bearing current account interest is paid. The payment of return is monthly, where as the rate of return with aspect to the amount of minimum deposit clear from deposit schedules in following table). It is also chequing account because cheques can be drawn on it. It is necessary for this account that the client must maintain a minimum balance of Rs. 0,000 at the end of the month. That’s why it is similar to current account. It is mostly opened by Business but individuals too open this account. Tax of 0. 3% would be deducted on ASDA if withdrawals are more than Rs. 25,000. TERM DEPOSITS A term deposit is a deposit that is made for a certain periods of time at the end of the specific period. the customer   is allowed to with draw the principle a mount . AKBLs Term deposits are of types clear in the deposit scheme in the table). One of them is â€Å"Askari† Advantage one month. The rate of return on this account is set by head office. The term deposit account vary one month to 1 year for all following accounts (as clear from Deposit Scheme in the table). †¢ The amount of profit is given to depositors in three ways: †¢ By cash †¢ By sending a bank Draft to depositors Home address or Officers or whichever is specified as mailing Address. †¢ The amount is credited in any one of the checking Accounts of the depositor. ACCOUNT OPENING PROCEDURE Fro the chequing accounts (C/A, ASDA, SAVING), there are different types of account holders are required for all these types of account holders. The operation /procedure requirement that is needed for † Individual Account † differ greatly from † Joint account † proprietorship â€Å"Partner ship â€Å", â€Å"Limited Company† and â€Å"Club society   or Association † as explained below. INDIVIDUAL’S ACCOUNT When a single man or women opens an account in his/her own name and has the right to operate it is called individual Account. DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENT For literate person copy of National Identity Card is required as a primary requirement. For illiterate person and Veiled Women, along with the copy of National Identity Card requirement he or she must come in person for opening the account. OPERATION †¢ The person place a â€Å"Check Mark † in the type of account and type of operation required †¢ He/She fills in part-I of the form , a fix his /her either two or four similar signature   (or thumb expression   in the signature space and get it introduced and signed by a person   who already has an account with the bank and write his account no in the specific rows in a specific space. †¢ The person fills in â€Å"next of Kin † position where he/she father, mother, husband/wife or any other relative’s name, his /her address, phone no and affix his/her signature to certify this requirement. This requirement is needed because in his/her absence bank can have correspondence with the specific person. †¢ The person put her /his signature († or thumb expression) on the signature Specimen Card (SS CARD) similar in the area on the form. One the back of S. S card mailing address, telephone no, Person to contact and introducer space is filled in. All these requirement are necessary for future †¢ The person deposits the initial amount for opening account on to the cash counter. The person put his signature on form -A (check book requisition) on two places in â€Å"authorized signature† and fills in the â€Å"Title of Account space by writing his name. †¢ If the person put his signature in Urdu or any language other than English, he signed a â€Å"Vernacular form† where under take that affixed signature are original and his own signature and two postal size photos are needed. †¢ The next day is the opening of account. JOINT ACCOUNT When two or more persons, neither partners, nor trustees, open an in their name is called joint Account. Husband and wife or two persons of same sex can open joint account. DOCUMENTATION For joint account copy of National Identity Card of all the persons is obtained other things remaining same as in individuals account. OPERATION †¢ The person checks the type of amount and type of operation required in the respective box on the form. †¢ The persons fill in the Part-I and part-II in the form. †¢ Signatures of both persons are obtained on the form in the area specified for signature and S. S. Card. †¢ In the title of account space names of all the persons are mentioned. †¢ Accounts holder specified in the form that they will operate the form singly or jointly. PROPRIETORSHIP ACCOUNT When an owner of a firm operating singly, opens an account in his firm name, this account is called a proprietorship Account the proper himself liable for all his acts. DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED For this kind of account, an application for opening the account on the firm letter -pad (having the firm name) is required along with the NIC Card of proprietor. OPERATION All operation remains the same except that the firm name is written in the â€Å"Title of the Account† area and signature of the proprietor are affixed in the S. S. Card and the area specified for signatures on the form. PARTNER SHIP ACCOUNT The account is opened in the firm name and all partner designate one two persons to act on behalf of the partner ship firmer all acts on behalf of firm. The partners in the partnership firm are liable for the acts of the firm jointly and severely. Every partner has in a firm has an implied authority bind his co. partners by drawing and enclosed cheques. DOCUMENTATIONS †¢ Copy of N. I. C card of all partners †¢ Application to open the account on the firm letter pad. †¢ Partner ship deed in case registered partnership firm. †¢ Letter showing the implied Authority of one or more partners to act on behalf of the firm. In case of non -registered partnership firm, understanding on behalf of the firm to remain liable for all acts of the firm. †¢ Name, address of all partners is written on the pad. OPERATION All other requirement remain same except that the form is dully signed by all partners cards are signed by all those partners who will act on behalf of the firm and along filling part-I , Part-Iv is also filled. LIMITED COMPANY ACCOUNT This account is for limited companies. In order to facilitate their transaction with outside parties, bank provides many facilities. DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED Memorandum of Association. †¢ Articles of the Association †¢ Resolution of the Board of Director. †¢ Certificate of Incorporation. †¢ Certificate of commencement of business †¢ N-I-C OPERATION The persons authorized in the Resolution of the Board of Directors put their signatures on S. S Cards. Next of kin â€Å"requirement â€Å"is not need in case of a Limited Company. After completing each and every formality, introducer signature is verified by S. S card and is stamped â€Å"Verified† customer signatures are admitted by stamping â€Å"Admitting† near signature and again signatures on S. S card are admitted in the same way. The same process of verification and admission of the signatures is repeated on Form-A and next of Kin area. After completing each and every formality, Accountant is open in the computer by writing name, address, A/C Number etc. LETTER OF THE THANKS At the start of the letter 2nd day, AKBL issues letter of thanks to â€Å"Account opener† and â€Å"account opener† and † Account Introducer † for the trust the have on AKBL. CHECK BOOK ISSUING Check books are issued only for checking account such as current Account, saving Account and ASDA Account. They are not issued for other fixed and term deposits because of their Long term Accounts â€Å"nature. † ISSUING PROCEDURE †¢ Signatures on cheque – book requisition are verified by matching with signatures on SS. †¢ Cheque – book leaves number, account number, account holder’s name are mentioned in the cheque- book is made by mentioning the and the total of sum of excise duty and provincial tax. †¢ The name of A/c holder and date of cheque – book issuance is written on cheque – book requisition the account-opening officer puts his initials on requisition leave. A/c number is stamped over the leaves of cheque – book and finally authorized person affix his   signature over the debit voucher   and he voucher is attached from the cheque book and is handed   over to the customer . RECEIVING INWARD CHEQUES Another responsibility and function of account Opening Department is to receive Inward cheques for collection of o ther Banks as well as of AKBL . Then these cheques are sent to clearing official who clears these checks at SBP from other banks. ACCOUNT CLOSING Account is closed on the written request of the customer AKBL free of cost. But to surrender the cheque book yet if some leaves are yet to be write to the bank as a necessary requirements for closing the account. PROCEDURE †¢ The customer for individuals account write an application to the manager of the bank an a simple paper about the closing of his account with the bank (In case of proprietor ship partnership and limited company account the application should be written an firm or company letter –head) †¢ The individual or in case of other type- proprietor firm and company surrender the cheque book to the bank. The cheque book is then torn from one side and is attached with the application. †¢ In case of Ltd. Company account resolution of the board of directors is also obtained to attach it with the application. †¢ The account opening form of the account holder is taken from the account-opening file, and the application, cheque book, and resolution of board of directors in case of limited company account are attached with the fo rm. †¢ Lastly, it is written in â€Å"Red Ink on the form that account closed† and â€Å"Date of account closing. † EVERYDAY POSTING Following transaction of cheque book is posted:- Dr_____________ party A/c  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   50(for 10 leaves) Rs 5/leave. ATM- CARDS DEPARTMENT This department deals in issuing   ATM-Card, term deposits and Askari Bachat Certificate. Mr. Sheeraz Hassan deals this department. ATM CARD ATM – Cards are only issue to Account Holder ISSUING PROCEDURE †¢ The person, first open the account within the blank. †¢ Then he fills the ATM application form in which name of account holder, Fathers name account number and   N. I. Card number are mentioned. †¢ A copy of N. I. card is also attached with the application form. After completing this process, the application package is sent to head office †¢ ACBL head office takes a period of 3-4 weeks for preparing and processing of ATM – cards. First, list of card holder is issued and then after 15 days cards are send to ACBL’s issuing branch. The card and list are not sent si multaneously in order to avoid any mishandling. †¢ ACBL takes Rs. 350/- for 1st time issuance as charges for a card †¢ Biannually takes Rs 75. ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT Accounts department is a department which deals and checks all the activity of all the department . It also deals in expression of finance of the bank. Salary payment is also one function of the bank. CHECKING BANK’S DAILY ACTIVITY Accounts department deals and checks the entire working of the Branch; all the vouchers that have been posted at the computer are scrutinized in accounts department. The â€Å"End of Day† i. e. computer print is also received from the computer. The next day the activity is separated some statements from the â€Å"End of Day†. Then next day activity separated some statements from the â€Å"End of Day†. The vouchers are sorted   out head wise. The vouchers are matched with the entries in the statements. Any abnormality if occurs, is immediately dealt with. All the vouchers and instruction are checked individually are checked individually against the computer printouts. After checking they are signed by Mr. .Naeem Shehzad and the internal auditor Mr. Shafiq. OTHER ACTIVITIES †¢ Preparation of daily bank positions statement †¢ Payment of salaries †¢ Preparation of the statements †¢ Depreciation calculation †¢ Lockers Issuance REMITTANCE DEPARTMENT: The need of remittance is commonly felt is commercial life particularly and in everyday life generally. The main function of the remittance department is to transmit money from one place to another. By providing this service to the customer, Bank earns a lot of income. Also customer is able to meet its day to day financial requirements. Demand Draft: It is an instrument payable on demand for which value has been received, issued by the branch of the Bank drawn i. e. payable at some other place (branch) of the same Bank. If two Banks are involved then the DD is sent to other Bank but in other case it is handed over to the applicant. Issuance Procedure: A demand draft application is given to the customer, he fills in relevant information and signs it. †¢ The officer checks the information form. †¢ The Bank charges such as commission, excise duty is charged as per effective schedule of charges. If he fills the tax exemption form, tax is not charged. †¢ In case of cash deposit, the cashier counts the amount and signs the DD application and enters it in the register. †¢ Then the officer of remittance department signs it and operation manager counter signs it. †¢ The entry is made in the DD issuing register, DD is given to the customer. Vouchers are prepared and posted. †¢ DD advises are printed and mailed to the respective branch. Payment Procedure: †¢ The Bank receives DD. †¢ The DD credit advice is received through mail. The numbers are checked and signatures are verified. †¢ An entry is made on the DD payable register and the vouchers are made. †¢ DD credit is attached with the vouchers and given for posting to the computer. †¢ When DD is received the test numbers are checked and the payment is made. †¢ Vouchers are given for posting and the entry that was made in the register is closed i. e. DD payable is Nil. Pay Order: It is an instrument issued for payment in same city. Pay order issued from on e branch can only be payable from the same branch. It is normally referred to as Banker’s cheque. It is also called confirmed cheque, because   Bank issues this on it own guarantee. Issuance Procedure: †¢ The standard form is given to the customer. He fills in the details and signs it. †¢ The concerned officer checks the form. †¢ Bank charges (or commission) as per the schedule of charges and the withholding tax of 0. 3% are applied. †¢ The cash amount of the pay order is received. A cash memo is signed, stamped and handed over to the applicant as a receipt. †¢ Then the pay order receipt is filled accordingly. †¢ Counter foil is also filled. †¢ An entry is made in the pay order issue register. †¢ Then the authorized officer signs it after checking the pay order. †¢ The order is then handed over to the applicant after obtaining his signature on the PO Form. †¢ A voucher is also made and posted at the computer. Payment Procedure: †¢ On presentation of the pay order receipt, two authorized officers of the branch sign the receipt. †¢ PO entry is made in the PO issue register. Then the amount is credited to the account of the customer or pain in cash. †¢ PO is posted at the computer. Outward Bills for Collection: The bills, which are received by the Bank and sent to other cities (branches) for the local clearing in that city, are called Outward Bills for Collection. Procedure: †¢ The cheques that are of other cities are separated. †¢ They are entered in the OBC Register and OBC numbers are given to them. †¢ The OBC forwarding schedules are prepared for different branches. †¢ The respective cheques are attached with the schedule. †¢ The office copy is filled and original schedule is mailed. On clearing, the respective Banks send back the OBCs along with the IBCA (Inter Branch Credit Advice). †¢ The OBC numbers are checked from the OBC register, after that entries are made. †¢ Commission charges are deducted from the account. Inward Bills for Collection: The bills, which are received by the Bank from other branches out of the city for local clearing are called Inward Bills for Collection. Procedure: †¢ The OBC of other branches will be the IBC of this branch. So an OBC forwarding schedule is received by mail. †¢ The cheques are entered in the IBC register. The IBC numbers are allotted to them. †¢ The cheques are lodged for clearing. †¢ After realization, an IBCA is prepared and mailed to the branch from where the cheque was received. †¢ At the end of the day, two vouchers are prepared and posted. FOREIGN TRADE DEPARTMENT Foreign trade department deals in: †¢ Foreign currency account †¢ Exports †¢ Imports FOREIGN CURRENCY ACCOUNT Mainly this account deals in individual, personal and companies account CRITERIA FOR OPENING FOREIGN CURRENCY ACCOUNT There are not hard and fast rules for becoming the Foreign Currency Account holder. Bank wants only introduction of the Client and very little about the background. I. D card is also not necessary, if someone has; well and good, otherwise no restriction will be there for him. FEATURES OF FOREIGN CURRENCY ACCOUNTS †¢ There will be legal protection for the account holders. †¢ According to foreign exchange rules and regulation every citizen of Pakistan, either within the Pakistan or outside the Pakistan, can open the foreign currency account. †¢ Resident firms and Resident Companies including investment Banks can open Foreign Currency Accounts. All foreign nationals and foreign Companies in Pakistan or abroad can open Foreign Currency Accounts. †¢ Opening of Foreign Currency Accounts in the joint names of residents/non-residents is permissible. Foreign Currency can be deposited by: †¢ Remittance received from abroad †¢ Foreign Currency Notes †¢ There will be no restriction and questioning to him about the currency, which he wants to d eposit that from where he got that money. †¢ No Zakat will be deducted on these accounts; no Income Tax deduction, no Wealth Tax deduction will be there. These incentives reinforce and motivated the people to invest in foreign currency accounts rather to keep the foreign currency idle. †¢ Foreign currency accounts can easily be transferred from one person to another, one place to another, with in the ACBL Branches or in other Bank. †¢ The account holder can transfer the funds freely, in any currency to any part of the world. †¢ Foreign currency Accounts can be used for payment of purchases at Duty Free shops. FACILITIES This account provides following facilities: †¢ Traveling quota †¢ Out ward remittances †¢ In ward remittances receiving To make remittances procedure flexible EXPORT Mainly export deals in: †¢ Negotiation of documents †¢ Sending the documents for collection †¢ Pre-shipment financing †¢ Post-shipment financing â⠂¬ ¢ Remittance against agent commission †¢ Forward covered booking †¢ Handling the documents for negotiation according to the UCP 500 (uniform custom and practices) †¢ Handling the documents for collection according to URR (uniform rules for collection) †¢ Submission of monthly returns to SBP regarding the export on form A-2/O-2 IMPORT †¢ Opening the letter of credit Scrutinize the documents receive from flowing bank under letter of credit. Account to UCP 500 and extending the credit facility to the importer informs FIM (finance against imported merchandise) FATR (finance against trust receipt). †¢ Arrange forward cover booking regarding import payments †¢ Also arrange forward cover booking for letter of credit open other then ACBL †¢ Submission of monthly returns to SBP regarding the import on form I SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities & Threats) analysis of AKBL is described below: Strengths: AKBL has got a well-develope d on-line system in most of its branches. Remittance Department is working very efficiently in transferring the funds of people due to this system. †¢ The Bank has also started ATM facility in most of its branches. 24-hour Banking is new trend in Pakistan and AKBL has also taken apart in this trend. †¢ One distinctive feature of the Bank is that it is the only Bank working for the welfare of army officers, which was established by Army Welfare Trust. †¢ The productivity of the Bank is very good. Bank is providing a high quality service to its customers. AKBL have strength that most of the imports which are done in Multan are handle by AKBL Multan. Weaknesses: †¢ AKBL has lesser number of branches as compared to many other branches. Due to this problem, army officers can not avail the benefits of their own Bank. †¢ The human resource department is not performing the function of selection and recruitment very effectively. Selection process is not on merit due to which competent persons cannot be selected. †¢ Bank should boost the product development and increase the range of facilities offered for customers. Bank is weak in its credit management. Bank should lend to very sound parties and increase its payment rate. Opportunities: †¢ Govt. is taking very bold steps to promote IT in Pakistan. AKBL has an opportunity to improve in technology. †¢ AKBL is surrounded by many competitors. It has an opportunity to do aggressive marketing to increase its business. †¢ AKBL may increase its branches in competitive areas Threats: †¢ AKBL has many competitors, which are continuously increasing its products and marketing aggressively. It may cause its customers to shift to competitors. Some other Banks have competent taskforce, which is also a threat for AKBL. Because human resource is the most valuable resource. †¢ Due to the increased bad situation of Pakistan in which army is considered to be involved increase the freq uency of withdrawals, which would decrease deposits. Financial Analysis: Financial Highlights The current year’s profit (2007) after taxation of the bank stood at Rs. 2,681,012 as compared to Rs. 2,249,974 for last year. The deposits decreased by 16. 49% to Rs. 11,197,424 as against Rs. 13,044,593 as on 31 Dec 2006. The loans and advances figure stood at R. 5,521,030 reflect on the improving market image of Askari Bank as a formidable financial institution. Ratio Analysis The information contained in the four basic financial statements is of major significance to various interested parties who regularly need to have relative measures of the company’s operating efficiency. Relative is the key word here, because the analysis of financial statements is based on the use of ratios or relative values. Ratio analysis involves methods of calculating and interpreting financial ratios to analyze and monitor the firm’s performance. The basic inputs to ratio analysis are the firm’s income statement and balance sheet. |Ratios |2007 |2006 | |Current ratio |1. 03 |1. 04 | |Total asst turnover |0. 11 |0. 09 | |Debt ratio |0. 93 |0. 3 | |Gross Profit margin |0. 11 |0. 22 | |Operating profit margin |0. 21 |0. 12 | |Net profit margin |0. 22 |0. 26 | |ROA |0. 02 |0. 02 | Earning asset to total assets Earning assets are the assets which are very important for any company for the bank earning assets are the assets on which bank can earn its profit which may includes loans, advances, operating fixed assets and other assets on the loans and advances bank can make profit by giving or investing in some where so Askari Bank has increased it’s earning assets in the year 2007 as compared to the previous year that show the good trend in the profitability of the Askari bank and the customer believe on the Bank. Ratio tells that on what percentage earning assets contribute the total assets. Well bank also has increased it’s earning assets ratio shows the more profitability of the bank as it can be shown by the profit and loss account of the 2007 that shows the net mark up income more for the year as compared to the previous year so bank is going gradually to the more profitability by giving more advances and loans. Earning assets ASSETS |2007 | | | | |Cash |13356055 | |Balances with other banks |3497054 | |Lending |14444143 | |Investments |39431005 | |Advances |100780162 | |Operating fixed assets |5128428 | |Total earning Assets |176636847 | |Other assets |5535038 | | | | |TOTAL |182171885 | Total Earning Assets:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rs. 176636847 Formula: Earning Assets / Total Assets = 176636847 / 182171885 = 0. 969616 Return on earning asset This ratio indicates the how much of earn ing assets take part in making of the profit before taxation. This ratio is decreased during the year. Why   is it so it has different reasons these are as follows Profit before taxation was more in the previous year as compared to the year 2007 because bank has low expenses and less provision for the bad debts and also bank has small investments and limited loans and advances but in 2007 situation has changed and bank increased its loans and advances. Earning assets were also low in the previous year as compared to the 2007 so overall ratio has been decreased but shows the good trend for the making of long term planning Formula: Profit after tax / earning assets = 2,681,012 / 176636847 = . 015 Loan loss coverage ratio This important figure is a reserve account to cover unexpected defaults on loans by borrowers. These are generally referred to as no performing loans. The higher the no performing loan and charge-off percentages, the higher the provision for loan losses should probably be. Consequently, this would reduce net income and earnings per share. Well in the year 2007 bank’s this ratio has been increased to a great extent due to different reasons theses are as follows. Profit before taxation is low for the 2007 due to more expenses because bank is in expanding mode that’s why its expenses are increasing day by day. Provisions and bad debts also increased in the year 2007 because bank also has invested more in this year and ad more also granted more loans. Formula: Provision against non-performing loan and advances / profit (loss) before tax = 3,920,240 / 2,299,785 = 1. 70 Loan to deposit Well there is a concept that bank’s loans are its assets while its deposits are liabilities. But if a bank has low deposits then obviously it will give low loans because bank gives it’s loans by the deposits and earn on the loans then pay mark up on the deposits to the customers. Well bank has increased its loans to deposits ratio in the year 2007 showing its more deposits as well more loans and that is good for the bank to remain in the market and to penetrate in the market. But profit has not increased with the same ratio because Bank has low mark up rates Bank has more capacity for provisions Formula: Loans / deposit = 14444143 / 11,197,424 = 1. 289 Current ratio This ratio indicates the liquidity of the bank. Well this ratio has been decreased but nt much decreased during the year to a small extent due to Bank has increased its deposits so liabilities have been increased. Bank has increased its assets as well to overcome the liabilities. So overall we can say bank is the liquid enough to pay its liabilities Formula : Current assets / current liabilities = 171508419 / 166214583 = 1. 03 Debt Ratio: Debt ratio remained the same in previous year it was . 93 and in 2007 its again 0. 93. Bank has not decreased its debt ratio in 2007. Net Profit Margin: Net profit margin of a bank has been increased from 0. 12 to 0. 21. Horizontal and vertical analysis Comparing analytical data for a current period with similar computations for prior years affords some basis for judging whether the condition of the business is improving or worsening. This comparison of data over time is called as horizontal or trend analysis, to express the idea of reviewing data for a number of consecutive periods. It is distinguished from vertical analysis or static analysis which refers to the review of the financial information of only one accounting period. HORIZONTAL ANALYSIS Balance sheet accounts | |2007 | |2006 | |%age | |ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Cash | |13356055 | |14879230 |-1523175 |-10. 2369 | |balances wid other banks | |3497054 | |7333002 |-3835948 |-52. 3107 | |Lendings | |14444143 | |8392950 |6051193 |72. 9852 | |Investments | |39431005 | |28625915 |10805090 |37. 74583 | |Advances | |100780162 | |99179372 |1600790 |1. 614035 | |o. fixd assets | |5128428 | |3810331 |1318097 |34. 59272 | |defferd tax assets | | | | | | | |other assets | |5535038 | |3812788 |1722250 |45. 7036 | | | | | | | | | |TOTAL | |182171885 | |166033588 |16138297 |9. 719899 | | | | | | | | | |LIABILITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |bills payable | |2627051 | |1839077 |787974 |42. 4617 | |Borrowings | |17553525 | |14964087 |2589438 |17. 30435 | |deposits&other acc | |143036707 | |131839283 |11197424 |8. 493238 | |sub-ord loans | |2997300 | |2998500 |-1200 |-0. 04002 | |liabl against assets | | | | | | | |deferred tax liab | |471519 | |736298 |-264779 |-35. 608 | |other liab | |3219796 | |2603113 |616683 |23. 69021 | | | | | | | | | |TOTAL | |169905898 | |154980358 |14925540 |9. 630601 | | | | | | | | | |Net assets | |12265987 | |11053230 |1212757 |10. 97197 | PROFIT and loss accounts |2007 | |2006 | |%age | | | | | | | | |interest earned |15143241 | |12596921 |2546320 |20. 213 83 | |interest expensed |8685624 | |6977313 |1708311 |24. 48379 | | | | | | | | |net mark up/interest income |6457617 | |5619608 |838009 |14. 1223 | | | | | | | | |loans & advances |3920240 | |1128137 |2792103 |247. 4968 | |value of investment |1501 | |376 |1125 |299. 2021 | |bad debts written off | | | | | | | |3921741 | |1128513 |2793228 |247. 14 | | | | | | | | |interest income after provision |2535876 | |4491095 |-1955219 |-43. 5355 | |Non markup/interest income | | | | | | | | | | | | | |fee,comm,brockerage income |1072868 | |1013660 |59208 |5. 41012 | |dividends income |137079 | |109326 |27753 |25. 38554 | |income from dealing in for curr |655761 | |584344 |71417 |12. 22174 | |gain on sale of inv |2361251 | |112474 |2248777 |1999. 375 | |unleasing gain |1728 | |-2308 |4036 |-174. 87 | |other income |336809 | |321758 |15051 |4. 77739 | | | | | | | | |total non markup/interest income |4565496 | |2139254 |2426242 |113. 4153 | | | | | | | | | |7101372 | |6630349 |471023 |7. 104045 | |Non markup/interest expense | | | | | | |admin exp |4789536 | |3277353 |1512183 |46. 4038 | |other pro/write offs | | | | | | |other charges |12051 | |6141 |5910 |96. 2384 | | | | | | | | |total non markup/interest expense |4801587 | |3283494 |1518093 |46. 23407 | | | | | | | | | |2299785 | |3346855 |-1047070 |-31. 852 | | | | | | | | |Profit before taxation | | | | | | | | | | | | | |current yrs |98535 | |983875 |-885340 |-89. 985 | |prior yrs |-233950 | | | | | |Deferred |-245812 | |113006 |-358818 |-317. 21 | | | | | | | | | |-381227 | |1096881 |-1478108 |-134. 756 | |Profit after taxation |2681012 | |2249974 |431038 |19. 15747 | | | | | | | | |profit brought forward |1799979 | |1617597 |182382 |11. 7487 | | | | | | | | |profit available for appr. |4480991 | |3867571 |613420 |15. 8606 | VERTICAL ANALYSIS balance sheet accounts | | |2007 | |2006 | | |ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | | | | |cash | |13356055 |7. 331567657 |14879230 |8. 961578 | |balances wid other banks |3497054 |63. 8030698 |7333002 |4. 416577 | |lendings | |14444143 |7. 928854115 |8392950 |5. 054971 | |Investments |39431005 |21. 64494538 |28625915 |17. 24104 | |advances | |100780162 |55. 32146851 |99179372 |59. 73452 | |o. fixd assets |5128428 |2. 815158881 |3810331 |2. 294916 | |defferd tax assets | | | | | |other assets |5535038 |3. 038360173 |3812788 |2. 296396 | | | | | | | |TOTAL | |182171885 | |166033588 | | | | | | | | | |LIABILITIES | | | | | | | | | | | | |Bills payable |2627051 |1. 442072689 |1839077 |1. 107654 | |Borrowings |17553525 |9. 635693784 |14964087 |9. 012687 | |deposits&other acc |143036707 |78. 51744357 |131839283 |79. 40519 | |Sub-ord loans |2997300 |1. 645314259 |2998500 |1. 80596 | |liabl against assets | | | | | |deferred tax liab |471519 |0. 258831927 |736298 |0. 443463 | |other liab | |3219796 |1. 767449461 |2603113 |1. 67823 | | | | | | | | |TOTAL | |169905898 | |154980358 | | | | | | | | | |Net assets |12265987 | |11053230 | | Findings on the basis of analysis By the horizontal or comparative analysis in which base year is taken as 2006 certain changes are measured in the Bank’s performance. Cash with other banks and balances with other banks gradually increased in the time line showing the bank’s good performance and this indicate that bank can earn more by making balances with the other banks. Lending to financial institutions not done in the last year due to more investments done by the bank and by giving more and more advances to the customers but this also has increased the bad debts and provisions of the bank as compared to the previous years. Operating assets has been decreased so that is in favor of the bank. On the liabilities side bank also has increased it’s bills payable that shows that bank has certain increased in the liabilities as well bank’s deposits also increased showing the great penetration in the market place as well customer’s believe on the bank to make deposits that’s why bank’s mark up expense has been increased. Equity also increased in the previous year but bank’s profit has been decreased because bank has invested so much and in the development process so increased in the expenses. Overall bank’s financial position in the marketplace has been increased in terms of deposits and advances. All these reasons are favorable to the bank in year 2006 because at one side bank’s assets have been increased in the form of advances and at other side markup income increased due to deposits because bank can more invest it Balance Sheet’s one portion that is Assets shows certain changes during the year. e. g Cash & balances with treasury banks have been increased that shows the bank has fulfilled and improved SBP requirements because of maintenance of foreign currency as well as Pakistani currency with other banks due to this balances with the other banks whether outside the Pakistan or inside the Pakistan have been increased. While investment have been decreased due to making balances with the other banks and so advances increased by giving more to the customers so earning power also increased. In 2007 bank not lend money to the financial institutions. Bank’s operating fixed assets have been decreased to a small extent due to this profit also is increased because bank is the service organization and for service organizations no need of more operating fixed assets. Bank’s deposits and other accounts have not been increased to the same extent as bank is giving advances. Well that shows a positive trend because bank expenses would be automatically decreased that are due to cash management. Bank’s net assets have been decreased because of less operating fixed assets and also due to increase in liabilities. Balance Sheet shows the assets are more contributed by the Advances and liabilities are more contributed y the Deposits that are favorable for the Bank. Overall result is less profit for 2007 as compared to 2006. But this has certain different reasons these are as follows Increase cash and balances with the other banks More advances Increase in deposits All these reasons are favorable to the bank in year 2007 because at one side bank’s assets have been increased in the form of advances and at other side markup income increased due to deposits because bank can more invest it. Applications of Class Room Concept: In Accounts department there was an implementation of   Financial Accounting in making balance sheets, income statements, calculation of depreciation etc †¢ In credits department there was an implementation of different categories of loans l ike personal loans, corporate loans etc which was studied in Financial Management. Recommendations: Already the bank is having a good infrastructure not much recommendations are needed as a manager but few can work :- †¢ Customers should be given some sort of facilities which can convince people for investment and go for Askari bank for Exports n Imports. †¢ Fist floor of bank is much congested, there is needed to work on that. †¢ There is not a proper environment of customer dealing on that floor that’s why customer feels difficulty in that. Accounts department was much congested, so area of that department should be extended. †¢ After biannually closing of bank there should be a get together of all the employees of bank which can give them a healthy atmosphere to work. †¢ Few of the employees used to interfere in others work so they should be strictly advised to perform their own duty well. Categories: Internship Comments are closed. 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Free Essays on George Washington As A Military Leader

George Washington was born on his father’s estate in Westmoreland County, Virginia, on February 22, 1732. He was the eldest son of a well-to-do Virginia farmer, Augustine Washington, by his second wife, Mary Ball. The Washington family was descended from two brothers, John and Lawrence Washington, who emigrated from England to Virginia in 1657. The family’s rise to modest wealth in three generations was the result of steady application to farming, land buying, and development of local industries. Young George seems to have received most of his schooling from his father and, after the father’s death in 1743, from his elder half-brother Lawrence. The boy had a liking for mathematics, and he applied it to acquiring a knowledge of surveying, which was a skill greatly in demand in a country where people were seeking new lands in the West. For the Virginians of that time the West meant chiefly the upper Ohio River valley. Throughout his life, George Washington maintained a keen interest in the development of these western lands, and from time to time he acquired properties there. George grew up to be a tall, strong young man, who excelled in outdoor pursuits, liked music and theatrical performances, and was a trifle awkward with girls but fond of dancing. His driving force was the ambition to gain wealth and eminence and to do well whatever he set his hand to. George Washington was the first president of the United States and one of the most important leaders in United States history. His role in gaining independence for the American colonies and later in unifying them under the new U.S. federal government cannot be overestimated. Laboring against great difficulties, he created the Continental Army, which fought and won the American Revolution out of what was little more than an armed mob. After an eight-year struggle, his design for victory brought final defeat to the British at Yorktown, Virginia, and force... Free Essays on George Washington As A Military Leader Free Essays on George Washington As A Military Leader George Washington was born on his father’s estate in Westmoreland County, Virginia, on February 22, 1732. He was the eldest son of a well-to-do Virginia farmer, Augustine Washington, by his second wife, Mary Ball. The Washington family was descended from two brothers, John and Lawrence Washington, who emigrated from England to Virginia in 1657. The family’s rise to modest wealth in three generations was the result of steady application to farming, land buying, and development of local industries. Young George seems to have received most of his schooling from his father and, after the father’s death in 1743, from his elder half-brother Lawrence. The boy had a liking for mathematics, and he applied it to acquiring a knowledge of surveying, which was a skill greatly in demand in a country where people were seeking new lands in the West. For the Virginians of that time the West meant chiefly the upper Ohio River valley. Throughout his life, George Washington maintained a keen interest in the development of these western lands, and from time to time he acquired properties there. George grew up to be a tall, strong young man, who excelled in outdoor pursuits, liked music and theatrical performances, and was a trifle awkward with girls but fond of dancing. His driving force was the ambition to gain wealth and eminence and to do well whatever he set his hand to. George Washington was the first president of the United States and one of the most important leaders in United States history. His role in gaining independence for the American colonies and later in unifying them under the new U.S. federal government cannot be overestimated. Laboring against great difficulties, he created the Continental Army, which fought and won the American Revolution out of what was little more than an armed mob. After an eight-year struggle, his design for victory brought final defeat to the British at Yorktown, Virginia, and force...

Yorktown Technologies

Yorktown Technologies Strategic Problem and issue Identification Yorktown Technologies markets its GloFish to different customers in different parts of the world. The firm requires a powerful marketing strategy in order to get the best outcomes. In 2004, the company made numerous losses thus affecting its future goals.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Yorktown Technologies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This situation explains why Alan Blake required a powerful strategy in order to support Yorktown Technologies’ goals. GloFish has the capability to detect toxins in contaminated water. Some policies made it impossible â€Å"for Yorktown Technologies to market the fish in different parts such as California† (Kerin and Peterson 406). However, the level of consumer-acceptance was on the rise. The other important thing was to create several varieties of the zebra fish. It was also necessary to develop and enhance the produc t. Many investors were becoming impatient because Yorktown Technologies was not making the best profits. The first strategy towards a successful business was to have a proper distribution channel. The major considerations included â€Å"kiosks, the internet, independent pet stores, and chain stores† (Kerin and Peterson 413). The firm was â€Å"also failing to display the fish under optimal conditions† (Kerin and Peterson 413). That being the case, the important thing was for the firm to have a proper marketing strategy. Analysis and Evaluation Blake was ready to make his company successful. To begin with, he had acquired â€Å"genetically modified fish in order to address the ecological issues affecting the business† (407). A new campaign was required in order to attract more customers. The important thing was to inform more people about the product. The approach would also increase the market demand for the fish. More people in the country were purchasing the f ish for ornamental purposes. Different â€Å"competitors were using various distribution channels and outlets to market freshwater ornamental fish† (412).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This situation shows clearly that the market was embracing the above product. Although Yorktown Technologies was becoming a leading player in its industry, it was the right time to have a powerful marketing strategy. The leading retail chains were also unwilling to market the company’s product. It was also costly to lease space in different outlets and shopping malls. Blake was also considering the possibility of using the internet to market this fish (Kerin and Peterson 413). However, the strategy would be costly for the firm. The other consideration was to market the product internationally. Alan Blake also wanted to produce sterilized fish in order to deal wit h illegal breeding. Blake targeted various markets in Canada, Europe, and Australia. However, this approach would attract many competitors thus affecting the company’s goals. New companies were â€Å"also marketing genetically modified fish in the United States† (Kerin and Peterson 413). Recommendations Yorktown Technologies must use a powerful strategy in order to achieve its potentials. The company should begin by analyzing the level of competition. The firm should also identify new markets in Europe, Asia, and Australia. A powerful strategy will ensure the firm displays its ornamental fish in a proper manner. The company should also use online marketing in order to attract more customers. The company can use a powerful advertising strategy in order to inform more people about this ornamental fish (Kerin and Peterson 412). Different social sites such as Facebook and Pinterest can produce the best outcomes. Yorktown Technologies should also use the 4Ps (product, promo tion, place, and price) of marketing. The firm will use this strategy to market its GloFish to more consumers. A proper distribution channel will also attract more customers. The approach will eventually make Yorktown Technologies successful.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Yorktown Technologies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kerin, Roger, and Robert Peterson. Strategic Marketing Problems: Case and Comments. Upper-Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2009. Print.

Dont Begin at the Beginning

Dont Begin at the Beginning Dont Begin at the Beginning Dont Begin at the Beginning By Simon Kewin If youre a fiction writer, youll be aware of the need to grab a readers attention as early as possible; to hook them, preferably, on your very first page. One key technique for doing this is to start your story in medias res.   The Latin expression in medias res means into the midst of things. Used as a literary term, it refers to starting a story by jumping straight into the middle of the conflict or action. Its often a temptation for writers to start by providing all the background information for their story, all the character and location detail theyve laboriously worked out. But this exposition or infodump can be very boring.   A better approach is to skip the exposition, at least temporarily, and dramatize your works central conflict from the beginning. As well as immediately involving the reader, this helps set up narrative tension : the reader wants to know why the described conflict is happening. Explaining too much up front can deflate this intrigue. Over time you can slowly reveal the explanation in what will, hopefully, be a satisfying and engrossing process for the reader.   Filling in the back-story can be achieved in several ways : via flashback, for example, or by having your characters recall prior events. The skill is in providing the reader with just the information they need, without either overwhelming them or leaving them bemused. The best approach is to reveal your back-story in dribs and drabs so that a lot of the time, your readers aren’t even aware they are being informed.    Of course, theres nothing wrong with writing long sections of factual information for your own use, as you work out the details of your setting. In many ways, this is a good thing. Just dont expect your readers to wade through all that before they reach your actual story. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should KnowStory Writing 101Starting a Business Letter with Dear Mr.

Capstone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Capstone - Essay Example The mission of the company is to enhance innovative products and also design new products that meet the demanding needs of their customers. Therefore, the mission of the BlackBerry Ltd have offered the company a wide and universal view to the company the reason for its existence ; hence enabling the company to identify its ultimate vision and goals vital for the values, as well as, cultures of the organisation. The primary stakeholders have played significant roles of influencing on the corporate business activities as community citizenship and social responsibility have been consistently incorporated into corporate management. Employee, customers and business partners are among the primary stakeholders that carry weight in corporate decisions and activities; thus they influence business activities in the company. Therefore, understanding the impact the primary stakeholders on business activities of the company is significant. For instance, the primary stakeholders in Blackberry Comp any have made significant efforts of establishing a superior ground for the debate on corporate purpose through offering a conceptual framework, showing its influence on competitiveness and executive leadership. Employees adhere to social responsibility and also make community citizenship a priority; thus contributing to effective business performance. Q.2 The company employs Porter’s five forces of analysis and this have impacted the performance of the company in varied ways. First, the intensity of competition rivalry is one of their major determinants for competitiveness; thus the company has made significant efforts of designing innovative and low cost products, as well as, employing powerful competitive strategy of product differentiation, as well as, powerful branding strategy vital for competing with their competitors. Secondly, threats of new entrants into the business have threatened the effective commercial activities of the company. However, the incumbents have att empted to block the new firms by employing entry barriers, establishing customer loyalties and among other entry barriers to block new entrants. Thirdly, threats of substitute commodities have also impacted the effective performance of the business because this increases the tendency of customers to switch to substitute products. Fourthly, the bargaining power of buyers and this have impacted the company because of the ability of consumers to put the company under pressure to lower prices for products; thus affecting sensitivity of customers to price changes. Lastly, the bargaining power of suppliers and this have also impacted the company suppliers have made the firm to switch costs and this has impacted cost or differentiation of products. Q. 3 SWOT analysis is an effective tool that a company can employ in order to analyze their potential factors that are favorable or unfavorable for effective business performance. Therefore, below is the SWOT analysis of the BlackBerry Company t hat indicates strengths and weaknesses, as well as, opportunities and threats in the company. INTERNAL EXTERNAL Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats -The company has strong brand recognition. -Highly secure smartphones. -The have a better brand loyalty among business customers and niche markets. -They strong focus on customer

Solar energy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Solar energy - Research Paper Example Solar energy is the power that is produced directly by the sun and collected somewhere else, mostly on the Earth. The sun is the nearest and biggest star and the source of energy for the planet of Earth. The sun's energy has been in use for a lengthy time, and it is a critical part of life. The solar energy is a fundamental need for humans. The image of the sun has many theories, histories and myths associated with it. For centuries, it has been the God, or the holy part of different religions, for example, the American native tribes and Greeks worshipped it. It is also an essential part of many religions as they hold it dear to their worship, for example, Hinduism, Buddhism and druids of England hold the sun as the precedence of their existence. It is a fact that without the solar energy, human life would be inexistent. Sunlight is crucial as the living organisms circle around it for survival. According to Mahaney (10), plants depend on sunlight for photosynthesis to take place, thu s, helping in their growth while, on the other hand, providing food for animals. The sun and other stars are, in essence, responsible for providing human beings with energy. In the current climate, mounting power requirements and escalating environmental worry, unconventional to the exploit of non-renewable and polluting relic fuels, have to be scrutinized. An instance of energy that requires to be investigated is the solar energy (Tiwari 199). The sun produces its energy by a thermonuclear process that converts several tons of hydrogen to helium each second. The procedure produces heat and electromagnetic radiation as the sun retains the heat, which is instrumental in maintaining the thermonuclear reaction. The electromagnetic radiation is distributed and streamed out into space in all directions. These rays entail noticeable and infra-red, as well as ultraviolet, light. From the radiations produced, only a little fraction manages to penetrate, and reach the planet Earth (Mahaney 4 ). The radiations reach the Earth in a form of indirect source of nearly every type of power used today. The only form of energy that does not rely upon solar energy is the geothermal energy and nuclear fission and synthesis. Even fossil fuels are reliant on the sun for their energy, as they were once live creatures and plants that utilized solar energy for their survival. Table of world energy usage as per the year 2000 Energy source Solar energy Electricity Fuel oil Liquefied petroleum other percentage 51.2 30.3 9.3 6.5 1.9 The table above shows world consumption rates of different sources of energy. Solar energy is the most utilized one followed by electricity, according to the table. The world’s most needed solar energy can easily be harnessed and completed by solar power. Much of it can also be supplied indirectly. Because of its nature, solar energy requires two components for it to perform; these are the collector and the storage unit. The radiations are gathered by th e collector as they fall on it and convert a fraction of the radiations to other varieties of energy, such as electricity and heat. The storage unit holds the excess energy produced at maximum productivity and discharges it when the productivity falls. The storage unit is necessary because of the inconsistencies of solar energy (Tiwari 192). Solar energy is one of the most plentiful sources of energy, which is easily available to

How does the democratic leadership style affect the work environment Thesis

How does the democratic leadership style affect the work environment in school - Thesis Example In a school, democratic leadership has a vital role to play and it is important that the people closest to the students, get the opportunity to make decisions on school curriculum and instructions. Coalition principles state that the school itself "should model democratic practices that involve all who are directly affected by the school" In a democratic setup, students, teachers and parents could have various insights, thoughts, ideas and talents which when shared would be so effective in creating a healthy school culture. It is vital to start democratic leadership while children are still in school, as schools play a crucial role in preparing citizens for democracy. According to Nancy Mohr -"You can do anything you want: you just can't do everything you want". The positive side of limited time is that it forces schools to make choices that correlate with the core values of the school resulting in teachers, students and parents-the decision-makers experience commitment that   surp asses their personal fortune. In a democratic set up, one does not think and act individually for ones self, but on the other hand think and work for the whole group. This vision is clearly reflected in the words of Anzar's Charlene Mckowen where she states "Once you've worked here, (democratic set up) you always think on behalf of the whole staff, the whole school. You think for the long term when you're a part of making a decision". Accomplishing a democratically run school can be very difficult. But once it is achieved, the needs of the whole community can be met and there is a good chance that the school will retain itself even with the loss of its key visionaries and founders. Democratic leadership  places key decision making in the hands of people who know the students best and which makes it a powerful tool to serve the common good. Educational leadership in the 21st century shows patterns of change, conflict and contradictions. The need for effective leadership is being cl amored for, by all quarters, be it the teacher, politician or the parent. The topic of democratic leadership has always been a highly debated one and has surfaced time and again in the arena of educational research. One of the foremost advocates of this system is John Dewey who opined that for students to become able citizens of a democratic society it was important that they lived and grew up in a democratic educational environment along with their teachers. Democratic leadership plays a very vital role in all the facets of our life, especially education. According to (Gastil, 1994) it is both crucial and essential to understand the meaning of democratic leadership, but currently not much attention has been paid to it. In (Minier, 2001) opinion, democratic movements have been responsible for the historical progress of democracy and there are many great leaders of the world who have contributed a great deal to democracy, freedom, liberty and human rights among the developing countri es. These dynamic leaders have fought against dictatorship, racial problems involving discrimination and segregation, and military regimes and were instrumental in promoting democracy and bringing about good social change. (Fox & Brown, 2000; Wiseman, 1996) According to (Bass,

The interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The interview - Essay Example This fact is true since in most cases, experience and ability to effectively carry out a task can only be accessed by examining the recognition, attitude, knowledge, and professionalism of the candidate (Carless & Waterworth, 2012). Interview allows for the contacts between the candidate and the firm representatives, thereby making this evaluation possible. In most situations where the firm intends to retain top talents and build a reputation, sufficient time limits and effort are required from both parties. However, during the selection of the potential employees, the human resource department remains very keen on the every component of the required skills and qualification of a candidate. As stated by Boswell (et al. 2003), personal interview acts as a bridge that must be crossed by the candidate in order to move from being a job seeker to a new hire. As a candidate approach interview with utmost impressions and glitters of hope, the company, on the other hand, keenly approaches the recruitment process with an awareness of the financial side of employment. Thus, the interview provides a chance for an individual to confidently enter the workforce of the firm. In addition, successful hiring requires more than just examining ideal resume, but needs conversations and personal interview in order to access the candidate’s capabilities and compatibility to the organization’s culture. Boswell, W, Roehling, M, LePine, M, & Moynihan, L 2003, Individual Job-Choice Decisions and the Impact of Job Attributes and Recruitment Practices: A Longitudinal Field Study, Human Resource Management, 42, 1, pp. 23-37. Klotz, A, Motta Veiga, S, Buckley, M, & Gavin, M 2013, The role of trustworthiness in recruitment and selection: A review and guide for future research, Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 34, pp.

Writing an abstract and finding referring references Coursework

Writing an abstract and finding referring references - Coursework Example This issue can be addressed through the use of GIS. GIS allows for effective integration and analysis of data by combining multiple data layers into purposeful information which can then be used much more effectively. This project seeks to demonstrate the utility of GIS for law enforcement agencies. The aim of this project is to perform crime analysis using GIS for a metropolitan city such as London to establish if the level of crime has increased or decreased from previous years. This project will involve mapping, modelling and analysis of crime data by applying GIS techniques such as hot-spot analysis to find out crime statistics and then using these statistics in a comparison with previous years to establish result. During the project, an understanding of various crime patterns within the city will also be developed and the deliverables of the project will include recommendations on crime reduction based on the analysis performed in the project. It is expected that outcome of this project will be useful for law enforcement agencies to use GIS in crime fighting more effectively. List of 25 References Pre 1980 1) Brassel, K., Utano, J. and Hanson II P. 1977. The buffalo crime mapping system: a design strategy for the display and analysis of spatially referenced crime data [online].

Stock Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stock Analysis - Research Paper Example Furthermore, advanced approaches include open transaction values or volume in the analysis (Timo, 2009). This approach supports that a commodity’s present price exhibits all related information regarding the commodity comprehensively. Thus, the price stands for the good’s fair worth, and, as a result, is capable of acting as the foundation for analysis and study. This approach exploits all information contained in the price to exhibit market forecasts of its subsequent fluctuation. The Fundamental Evaluation approach This approach refers to a tactic of analyzing securities and commodities with the purpose of trying to determine their intrinsic worth. In doing this, it heavily depends on the thorough scrutiny of inter-related fiscal, economic, and other various quantitative and qualitative aspects (Timo, 2009). This approach supports comprehensive analysis of all features that possess the potential to influence the final commodity’s worth. These aspects include ma croeconomic effects that include the overall fiscal situation of the market, and company-based aspects that include management systems and the company’s present fiscal standing. The main purpose of embarking on this kind of analysis is to offer a certain value to investors, which they can then rely on when comparing the commodity with market climates, and thus determine the move to make. Numerous investors utilize this method, either alone or in combination with other evaluation equipment when analyzing stocks. In this approach, the chief factor is the final earnings from investments. This directly refers to the net profits that a company is raking in, both currently and in the future. When a venture’s profits decrease, the market worth of its stocks tends... This research paper seeks to analyze the stock price fluctuations of a given venture in the previous sixty months in order to find out its actual stock trend from accumulated data. In addition, it concludes the venture’s market breadth for the last year, its 200-day moving average for its stock, index, and all trends of its stock. This is in pursuit of determining its relative strength for the last sixty months, and thus advise on the right move to make regarding the selling or the buying of its stock. The technical evaluation approach comprises of the prospecting of the future fiscal price fluctuations of a business. This approach bases on a comprehensive study of its previous price motions. The Fundamental Evaluation approach refers to a tactic of analyzing securities and commodities with the purpose of trying to determine their intrinsic worth. In doing this, it heavily depends on the thorough scrutiny of inter-related fiscal, economic, and other various aspects. Market Bre adth describes a technical analysis skill that helps in predicting the future course of the general market. It is summed up, that the company’s relative strength is obviously high and very healthy. In addition, its market breadth has managed an upward improvement for the previous sixty months. Technical evaluation exhibits that the company is healthy and market-relevant. To investors, it would be a good idea to buy more stakes in the company as research has concluded that its stocks will continue to gain overall worth.

Writing an abstract and finding referring references Coursework

Writing an abstract and finding referring references - Coursework Example This issue can be addressed through the use of GIS. GIS allows for effective integration and analysis of data by combining multiple data layers into purposeful information which can then be used much more effectively. This project seeks to demonstrate the utility of GIS for law enforcement agencies. The aim of this project is to perform crime analysis using GIS for a metropolitan city such as London to establish if the level of crime has increased or decreased from previous years. This project will involve mapping, modelling and analysis of crime data by applying GIS techniques such as hot-spot analysis to find out crime statistics and then using these statistics in a comparison with previous years to establish result. During the project, an understanding of various crime patterns within the city will also be developed and the deliverables of the project will include recommendations on crime reduction based on the analysis performed in the project. It is expected that outcome of this project will be useful for law enforcement agencies to use GIS in crime fighting more effectively. List of 25 References Pre 1980 1) Brassel, K., Utano, J. and Hanson II P. 1977. The buffalo crime mapping system: a design strategy for the display and analysis of spatially referenced crime data [online].

Offender Recidivism and Employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Offender Recidivism and Employment - Essay Example aper aims to discuss about offenders on supervision and how their employment status determines their success on supervision and their recidivism on re-offending. Determining the proper response to the re-offending behavior of criminals has plagued governments, criminologists, the judiciary, and the community for some time. A precise figure for the rate of recidivism cannot be ascertained, as much crime goes unreported and the courts do not convict all offenders for various reasons, including lack of evidence. Rates of recidivism also depend on what measures are used in terms of the time frame considered and whether one is concerned about particular offences, re-arrest rates, or re-imprisonment. There are many factors that contribute to the re-offending behavior of an individual. Many prisoners have poor education and employment histories, experience greater rates of mental illness and bad physical health, and have issues associated with drug and alcohol misuse. The effect of prison or jail sentences on recidivism is an important issue to those concerned with public safety and the cost-effectiveness of putting convicted offenders in prison. Opinions are divided between those advocating longer sentences in the interest of public safety, and those advocating shorter sentences with the assumption that incarceration, or longer prison terms, will not reduce recidivism rates. This paper summarizes the theories and the empirical studies on this issue. Study findings indicate that the effect of incarceration (versus other sentencing options) and sentence length on recidivism is complex and is likely to be offender-specific. For some offenders, incarceration and longer confinement seem to increase the risk of recidivism. For other offenders, the likelihood of re-offense will either be unaffected or reduced by longer terms of incarceration. Furthermore, early-release programs do not appear to affect overall recidivism rates. It is well recognized tha t offenders have a high