Sound Artist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sound Artist - Essay Example This process is just like writing a poem1. Architects completely keep in mind the visual dimensions of a structure for communicating the historical, emotional, artistic and social background of the space. However, they neglect, usually, the acoustic dimensions. To feel space through listening has never been identified as native ability of humans. However, dolphins and bats are classified in this category. Nonetheless, no specific qualities are required to sense spatial qualities. The hardwired segment of human beings is rudimentary spatial ability and it is a genetic part of human body. For instance, the utilization of headphones for listening music has its own affect; however, if the headphones are removed after listening music then walking in the room makes a different impact; the sounds of walking are clearer now. Even if a person walk blind fold in his/her room he/she would be able to recognize paths through its resonances2. Maryanne Amacher These are called acoustic spatial dime nsions of sound. Several composers utilized this feature in their compositions; however, the work of Maryanne Amacher is unforgettable and commendable. She was born in Kane Pennsylvania. Her father was a Swiss freight train worker while her mother was a nurse. She was the only child in the family. At very early age, she learned to play piano. She graduated in computer and acoustics science. From the beginning of her musical and composition career, she was interested in different variations of sound. In this respect, she implemented different kind of microphones and she got the help of many loudspeakers to create her so-called airborne sound. She experimented her techniques at all levels and achieved great success3. Her famous catalogue â€Å"Sound Character† is a masterpiece. The catalogue has seven compositions. 1."Head Rhythm 1" and "Plaything 2" 2. Tower 3. Synaptic Island (excerpt "VM2 from the Levi-Montalcini Variations") 4. Synaptic Island (excerpt "Tower Meta1s", "Feed 2", "Muse Orchestra 1") 5. Dense Boogie 1 6. Choral 1 The analysis of Maryanne Amacher’s Compositions The American composer and installation performer Maryanne Amacher had completely a different method. She composed CD Sound Character to vibrate the hidden ear â€Å"Third Ear†. Her theory was very different from all of his contemporary artists. The CD Sound Character has seven tracks and many of them are related to ‘third-ear music’. The music resounds in the head and it seems different from the music that originates through loudspeakers. In addition, the CD is comprised of atmospheric sound installations, multi-channel re-mastered excerpts. These re-mastered excerpts originate sound, which is not only hears but also feels in the whole body and the room becomes speaker itself. However, to compose for the body is a unique issue. It needs fresh models of aural analysis and treatment because the listening point is shifted from the ears to the tissues of the b ody, which provokes memories, psychic and physical association and intertwine of information. Can the body is able to work out a plan for sound stage? Can these worked out plans free different bodies and association among spaces and bodies? The concept of embodied listening and disrupt traditional models of describing and hearing sound are similar to Donna Haraway’s (1991) ‘embodied objectivity’4. The tracks 3, 4, and 7, which she started to originate in 1980 are multi-room, multi-channel large-scale pieces and these tracks

Accounting and Corporate Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Accounting and Corporate Finance - Essay Example It follows the principals of having discounted cash flows. The formula to find out the Net present value precisely can be written as: Cash flow (today i.e. year 0) + Cash flow (1 year from now) [/1+r (cost of capital)]^1 + Cash flow (2 years from now)/](1+r)^2 Cash flow refers to the amount of expected cash to be received at a certain point in time X years from now. Cash flows can either be negative or positive. An inflow of cash is a positive cash flow such as an income whereas an outflow is represented with a negative sign and denotes an outgoing cash amount due to for instance expenditure. If the NPV of a certain project equals zero, it denotes that the project is a break-even project; working at no profit-no loss. In simple words it means that the amount of capital invested is exactly equal to the return that would be generated by undertaking the project. A project should be taken up or initiated only if the net present value is at least zero or greater than zero. Even though the calculations of Net Present Value are fairly simple and convenient, it is still quicker to use a financial calculator for these calculations because if there are a large number of cash flows, it will become very inconvenient and time consuming to make the calculations with the formula (Brigham et al, 2010). IRR (Internal rate of Return) IRR is the value where the NPV is equal to zero. It is the optimal value where a project is most beneficial. IRR can gauge the profitability of a proposed investment by taking into consideration the concept of discounted cash flows. IRR is not as easy to calculate as Net Present Value especially if each cash flow is different every year therefore it needs to be calculated using financial calculator. If not, then it is done on the basis of trial and error. The IRR can also be calculated in Microsoft Excel but it begins with guessing. IRR is very closely related to Net Present Value and it marks the next step to the calculation of Net Present Value. T he IRR is the yield at which the investments constitute of cash outflows and inflows that occur at a certain time period in a fixed amount (Helfert, 2001). Profitability Index: Profitability Index is basically a measure of the per dollar value of the initial investment spent on a project. This means that if a project’s PI is 1, then the project will give a break-even value of return in comparison to the initial spending done on it. If the value is below 1.0, it means that the project is going to incur a loss and the investment done on it will be greater than the relative return it will give back over the years. If the Profitability Index is greater than 1 then the project can be accepted as it will be giving a profit. For mutually exclusive projects, the project with the higher Profitability Index is a better option. It is calculated as: Present Value of future cash flows/initial cost (ACCA, 2008). Discounted Payback Period: Payback period is another technique used to measure the viability of projects in terms of the number of years that it takes to pay back an initial investment. It is measured in number of years till recovery and the following formula can be used to measure it. No. Of years prior to full recovery+ Unrecovered cost at beginning of year/Cash flow during full recovery year (Kinney et al, 2009). b) Discuss the results for the numerical examples NPV Year CF Project First CF Project Second 0 (1000) (1000) 1 500 500 2 600 400 3 700 300 4 800 100 Project First: (1000)+ 500/1.10^1+600/1.10^2+700/1.10^3+800/1.10^4 = -1000+ 454.54+